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Radical-7 Signal Extraction Pulse CO-Oximeter Operator’s Manual 1-5
1
through a patient cable. The sensor collects signal data from the patient and sends it to the
instrument. The instrument displays the calculated data as percentage value for the SpMet.
SpHb GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Pulse CO-Oximetery is a continuous and non-invasive method of measuring the levels of total
hemoglobin (SpHb) in arterial blood. It relies on the same principles of pulse oximetry to make the
SpHb measurement. The measurement is taken by a sensor capable of measuring SpHb, usually on
the fingertip for adult and pediatric patients. The sensor connects directly to the Pulse CO-Oximeter
or with a patient cable. The sensor collects signal data from the patient and sends it to the instrument.
The instrument displays the calculated data as measurement of total hemoglobin concentration.
TOTAL ARTERIAL OXYGEN CONTENT (CaO
2
) GENERAL DESCRIPTION
2
Oxygen (O
2
) is carried in the blood in two forms, either dissolved in plasma or combined with
hemoglobin. The amount of oxygen in the arterial blood is termed the oxygen content (CaO
2
)
and is measured in units of ml O
2
/dl blood. One gram of hemoglobin (Hb) can carry 1.34 ml of
oxygen, whereas 100 ml of blood plasma may carry approximately 0.3 ml of oxygen. The oxygen
content is determined mathematically as:
CaO
2
= 1.34 (ml O
2
/g Hb) x Hb (g/dl) x HbO
2
+ PaO
2
(mm Hg) x (0.3 ml O
2
/ 100 mm Hg/dl)
Where HbO
2
is the fractional arterial oxygen saturation and PaO
2
is the partial pressure
of arterial oxygen.
For typical PaO
2
values, the second part of the above equation [PaO
2
(mm Hg) x (0.3 ml O
2
/ 100 mm
Hg/dl] is approximately 0.3 ml/dl. Furthermore, for typical carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin
levels, the functional saturation (SpO
2
) as measured by a pulse oximeter is given by:
SpO
2
= 1.02 x HbO
2
2
Martin, Laurence. All You Really Need to Know to Interpret Arterial Blood Gases, Second
Edition. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
SpOC General Description (Pulse CO-Oximetry)
The above approximations result in the following reduced equation for oxygen content via the
Pulse CO-Oximeter:
SpOC (ml/dl
*) = 1.31 (ml O
2
/g Hb) x SpHb (g/dl) x SpO
2
+ 0.3 ml/dl
* When ml O
2
/g Hb is multiplied by g/dl of SpHb, the gram unit in the denominator of ml/g cancels
the gram unit in the numerator of g/dl resulting in ml/dl (ml of oxygen in one dl of blood) as the
unit of measure for
SpOC.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
1. Oxyhemoglobin (oxygenated blood), deoxyhemoglobin (non-oxygenated blood),
carboxyhemoglobin (blood with carbon monoxide content), methemoglobin (blood with
oxidized hemoglobin) and blood plasma constituents differ in their absorption of visible
and infrared light (using spectrophotometry).
2. The amount of arterial blood in tissue changes with your pulse (photoplethysmography).
Therefore, the amount of light absorbed by the varying quantities of arterial blood changes
as well.
The Radical-7 Pulse CO-Oximeter uses a multi-wavelength sensor to distinguish between
oxygenated blood, deoxygenated blood, blood with carbon monoxide, oxidized blood and blood
plasma. The Radical-7 utilizes a sensor with various light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that pass
Overview
- with Rainbow Technology 1
- OPERATOR’S MANUAL 1
- OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2
- LABORATORY METHODS* 4
- Table of Contents 10
- Overview 13
- System Description 21
- Introduction 33
- Unpacking and Inspection 33
- Preparation for Monitoring 33
- TEMPERATURE 34
- HUMIDITY 34
- OPERATING ALTITUDE 34
- 0-100% 35
- SatShare Setup 37
- SATSHARE SETUP 37
- SATSHARE SETUP (CONTINUED) 38
- Philips VueLink Setup 39
- CAUTIONS: 39
- Operation 41
- Trend Setup and Use 71
- Alarm Identification 77
- Alarms and Messages 77
- Troubleshooting 87
- Specifications 91
- Sensors & Patient Cables 99
- Masimo Sensors (continued) 103
- SENSORS ON THE SAME PATIENT 103
- Service / Maintenance 105
- Cleaning 105
- Warranty 112
- Exclusions 112
- Restrictions 113
- Accessories 115
- 32218/4742F-0410 116
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